Kidneys are tough organs which work relentlessly even when damaged. Human beings can live a normal life with just one kidney. While in general this ability of kidneys to continue to function even under stress is a good attribute and helps our survival, it becomes a hindrance to early detection of kidney-related problems. When we don’t feel pain or discomfort we tend to carry on. Most Chronic Kidney Diseases detections in India happen at stages 4 and 5 which are pretty late and lead to complications. In case of any such symptoms, you should immediately get in touch with your doctor and undergo a diagnostic test. The main diagnostic tests for chronic kidney test are:
i.Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) which is a blood test that measures how well your kidneys are filtering blood.
ii.Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR) which tests urine for protein that passes onto urine when kidneys are damaged.
Kidney damage is a progressive phenomenon. For that reason, Nephrologists divide Chronic Kidney Diseases into 5 separate stages according to the damage incurred in the kidneys.
An eGFR reading of 90 or greater means that your kidneys are working normally. However, if this reading is accompanied by a uACR of 30, it means that damage has started to set in. Now is the time that you should start preventative care. Lifestyle changes and healthy choices will make sure that you can contain the damage.
An eGFR reading in the range of 60-90 indicates mild kidney damage. At this stage, your kidneys are working well but are under stress. You now need to start consulting with your doctor on medication and lifestyle changes.
Stage 3 is divided into two subparts. Stage 3a is when your eGFR reading is between 45 to 50. At this stage your kidneys have mild to moderate kidney damage and the kidney damage starts to impair not only kidneys but other organs of the body as well. At this stage medical care is absolutely vital to slow further damage.
eGFR reading between 44 to 30 is classified as stage 3b. At this stage the kidneys have moderate to severe damage. The kidneys don’t work as well as they should and symptoms will start to appear. Swelling, anaemia, acid build up in the body are some of the signs that you have reached this stage. You are also at high risk of developing heart related conditions.
eGFR reading between 15 to 39 is classified as stage 4. At this stage the kidneys have severe damage. The kidneys are close to reaching a non-functioning state and you will need dialysis or a transplant. A lack of normal kidney function will lead to serious health issues and will impact your normal activities and day to day life.
An eGFR reading below 15 is classified as stage 5. At this stage kidneys have either stopped or are very near the stage of not functioning. When the functioning stops it is commonly known as kidney failure. At this stage dialysis or kidney transplant are the only option.
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